Atypical Location of Oral Metastasis as the First Manifestation of Renal Carcinoma. Case Report / Localización Atípica de Metastasis Oral como Primera Manifestación de Carcinoma Renal. Reporte de Caso

Oral cavity metastatic tumors derived from primary tumors from other corporal regions are rare, representing barely 1 % of all malignant tumors. Differential diagnosis of these lesions is challenging due to the wide spectrum of lesions with similar clinical presentation and especially when the presence of a primary tumor goes undetected. We present the case of a 55-year-old male with a painless tumor in the anterior maxillary region, vestibular gingiva and palate, with a 2-month evolution. Anatomopathological diagnosis was malignant clear cell tumor, highly suggestive of clear cell renal carcinoma metastasis, and the oral lesion constituted the first sign of illness.

Los tumores metastásicos de cavidad oral derivados de tumores primarios de otras regiones corporales son raros, representando apenas el 1 % de todos los tumores malignos. El diagnóstico diferencial de estas lesiones es desafiante debido al amplio espectro de lesiones con presentación clínica similar y especialmente cuando la presencia de un tumor primario pasa desapercibida. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 55 años con una tumoración indolora en región maxilar anterior, encía vestibular y paladar, de 2 meses de evolución. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue de tumor maligno de células claras, altamente sugestivo de metástasis de carcinoma renal de células claras, y la lesión bucal constituyó el primer signo de enfermedad.

Differential Diagnosis of Oral Metastases / Diagnóstico Diferencial de las Metástasis Orales

Metastatic lesions in the mouth can resemble common inflammatory lesions. Therefore, we set out to investigate oral metastases whose clinical and imaging characteristics mimicked those of harmless lesions, confusing and delaying the diagnosis. For this, a systematic review was carried out from case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase-via Elsevier, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, and gray literature, using PICO strategy without period restriction. We assessed the quality of studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute assessment tool. A narrative synthesis of the data was carried out. Association analyses using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were performed, with statistical significance at p<0.05. Most of the lesions came from the lung, breast, kidneys, liver, and thyroid. They affected mainly the mandibles of men, between the fifth and seventh decades of life, causing osteolysis. In soft tissue, there were firm swellings, associated with bleeding. Limitations regarding the heterogeneity of the included studies and the absence of clinic pathological descriptions of the tumors substantially reduced the chance of statistical analysis of the data. Knowing the different possibilities of clinical presentation of oral and maxillofacial metastases is important for the diagnost ic suspicion to occur and diagnostic errors to be avoided. Thus, treatment is instituted and survival can be extended. Protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42020200696.

Las lesiones metastásicas en la cavidad oral pueden parecer similares a lesiones inflamatorias comunes. Por ello, nos propusimos investigar metástasis orales cuyas características clínicas e imagenológicas simularan las de lesiones inofensivas, confundiendo y retrasando el diagnóstico. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática a partir de reportes de casos, series de casos y estudios transversales en PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase-vía Elsevier, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science y literatura gris, utilizando la estrategia PICO sin restricción de periodo. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó mediante la herramienta de evaluación del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa de los datos. Se realizaron análisis de asociación mediante chi-cuadrado y prueba exacta de Fisher, con significancia estadística en p<0,05. La mayoría de las lesiones procedían de pulmón, mama, riñones, hígado y tiroides. Afectan principalmente a las mandíbulas de los hombres, entre la quinta y la séptima década de la vida, provocando osteólisis. En los tejidos blandos, había hinchazones firmes, asociadas con sangrado. Las limitaciones con respecto a la heterogeneidad de los estudios incluidos y la ausencia de descripciones clinicopatológicas de los tumores redujeron sustancialmente la posibilidad de realizar un análisis estadístico de los datos. Conocer las diferentes posibilidades de presentación clínica de las metástasis orales y maxilofaciales es importante para que se produzca la sospecha diagnóstica y se eviten errores diagnósticos. Por lo tanto, se instituye el tratamiento y se puede prolongar la supervivencia. Registro de protocolo: PROSPERO CRD42020200696.

Metástasis oral de carcinoma de células renales. A propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Oral metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. A Case report and literature review / Metástase oral de carcinoma de células renais. Relato de um caso e revisão da literatura

Los tumores metastásicos en cavidad oral son pocos frecuentes, representan el 1% de las neoplasias malignas orales, son relativamente más frecuentes en los maxilares, respecto a aquellos localizados en los tejidos blandos orales. Se describe el caso de una paciente de 75 años de edad, con antecedentes de carcinoma renal de células claras, que consulta por la aparición repentina de una lesión tumoral en reborde alveolar superior izquierdo. Se realizó la biopsia exéresis con diagnóstico presuntivo de tumor metastásico o posible lesión reactiva. El informe anátomo - patológico confirma el diagnóstico de metástasis de un carcinoma renal. Las metástasis orales tienen un pronóstico generalmente malo, compromete la sobrevida, por lo que es importante realizar un exhaustivo estudio del paciente y considerar sus antecedentes, ya que en ocasiones son diagnosticadas tardíamentete.

Metastatic tumors to the oral cavity are rare, representing only 1% of malignant oral neoplasms. These metastatic tumors occur more frequently in the jaws than in soft oral tissues. This article describes the case of a 75-year-old patient with a history of clear cell renal carcinoma who seeks care because of the sudden appearance of a tumor lesion in the upper left alveolar ridge. An excision biopsy was performed with a presumptive diagnosis of a metastatic tumor or potential reactive lesion. The pathology report confirmed the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Oral metastatic tumors usually present a bad prognosis with a low survival rate. It is important to examine patients thoroughly and consider their medical records, as they are sometimes diagnosed late.

Os tumores metastásicos na cavidade oral são raros, representam 1% das neoplasias malignas orais, sendo relativamente mais frequentes nos ossos maxilares enquanto aos localizados nos tecidos moles orais. Descreve-se o caso de uma mulher de 75 anos com história de carcinoma renal de células claras, que consultou com queixa de lesão tumoral localizada na crista alveolar superior esquerda. Uma biópsia foi feita com diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de tumor metastático ou possível lesão reativa. O laudo anátomopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de metástase de carcinoma renal. As metástases orais geralmente têm um prognóstico ruim, com baixa sobrevivência, portanto é importante fazer um estudo exaustivo do paciente e tomar em conta sua história, já que às vezes o diagnóstico é tardio.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Background of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Case Report.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-recognized, potentially malignant disorder of the oral cavity that can affect any part of the oral mucosa, characterized by mucosal rigidity of varying intensity caused by fibro elastic transformation of the juxta epithelial layer of connective tissue. OSMF occurs in Indians and other population of the Indian subcontinent with certain oral habits. Betel quid chewing is a popular oral habit with potential links to the occurrence of oral cancer. In patients with submucous fibrosis, the oral epithelium becomes atrophic and thereby becomes more vulnerable to carcinogens. Since the ingredients of betel quid, tobacco are crucial for tumor initiation, promotion and progression, exposure to these toxicants simultaneously has been shown to markedly potentiate the oral cancer incidence in OSMF patients. The rate of malignant transformation of OSMF has been estimated to be 2-10%. Most cases with malignant transformation in OSMF have occurred gradually over a long period of time. This paper presents a case of oral submucous fibrosis turning into malignancy in a 34-year-old male patient.

Pre-operative contrast enhanced computer tomographic evaluation of cervical nodal metastatic disease in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims: This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) criteria in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis in 50 patients with an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSQCC). Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients with OSQCC who underwent clinical assessment, routine CECT scanning of cervical lymph node and radical neck dissection were analyzed. Radiologic criteria for diagnosing nodal metastasis in this imaging study were: A nodal size of 1 cm, the presence of central lucency despite the size of the lymph node and grouping of lymph nodes. These criteria were based on modified American Joint Committee on Cancer Radiological Nodal Staging Guidelines. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test/Fisher Exact test has been used to find the significant association of findings. Diagnostic statistics viz.: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were obtained. The results were considered significant when P value was less than 0.05. Results: On using a nodal size of 1 cm and the presence of central nodal necrosis (CNN) as radiological criteria for nodal metastasis CT scanning staged 23 of the 27 histopathologically positive necks, providing accuracy of 88%, sensitivity of 92%, and specificity of 84% in detection of nodal metastasis. A significant relationship between the incidence of CNN, different nodal densities, and primary tumor differentiation was observed. Conclusions: The nodal size cut-off of 1-1.5 cm had a maximal sensitivity of 90.91% and PPV of 86.96%. Furthermore, observation of nodal densities in the absence of frank CNN on the CT scan may be necessary especially in low grade primary tumor. CT assessment of cervical node metastasis was found acceptable, although adjuncts like ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration may further increase efficacy of CT scan in nodes lesser than 1 cm in size.

Treatment results and epidemiologic factors in oral tongue cancer: analysis of 110 patients in cancer institute of Tehran

Tongue cancer is one of the most common cancers of the oral cavity, excluding lip, and the median age of the patients is approximately 60 years. Treatment results of a total of 110 patients with oral tongue cancer admitted to cancer Institute of Tehran University between 1999-2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were treated by surgery or radiotherapy or chemotherapy in a curative setting. The median age at the time of first visit was 67 years [range 27- 91years].51 patients [46.4%] were female and 59 [53.6%] were male. Primary treatment was surgery in 86 patients [78.2%], radiotherapy alone in 12 patients [10.9%], chemo radiation in 3 patients [2.7%] and chemotherapy [as neo adjuvant therapy] in 8 patients [7.3%]. Median dose of radiation in patients who received radiotherapy was 6000CGY in the range of [5000-7500 CGY]. Median of follow-up of patients was 10 months in range of [1-78] months. Local and loco-regional recurrence remains a major clinical problem in oral cavity tumors. Additional studies and detailed analysis of the selection criteria and treatment outcomes across trials are needed to define the best treatment modalities

Floor-of-mouth metastasis in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancers have potential for lymphatic and hematogenous metastases. Surgery is the definitive treatment, but the prognosis can be improved with the addition of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both. However, the incidence of recurrence, both local and distant, remains significant. Distant metastases occur most often in the liver and lung; however, metastases to bone, adrenals, lymph nodes, brain, skin and the oral region have been reported. Metastases to the oral region are uncommon and may occur in the oral soft tissues or jaw bones. The prognosis in such patients is usually very poor. We report a case of colorectal carcinoma with metastasis to the floor of the mouth. This is probably the first reported case of metastasis to the floor of the mouth in a patient with colorectal cancer

VEGF-C e densidade de vasos linfáticos em carcinoma espinocelular de boca: associação com as metástases linfonodais ocultas e com o prognóstico dos pacientes / VEGF-C and lymphatic vessel density in oral squamous cell carcinoma: association with occult lymph node metastasis and patients prognosis

Este estudo avaliou a densidade vascular linfática (DVL) em relação a expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular-C (VEGF-C) pelas células tumorais, bem como verificou a associação com variáveis clínicas e microscópicas de pacientes portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de boca (CEC). Oitenta e sete pacientes com CECs primários, clinicamente T1N0M0 ou T2N0M0, com metástase linfonodal oculta (pN+) e sem (pN0), foram analisadas após tratamento no Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brasil. Amostras dos tumores emblocados em parafina foram seccionadas e coradas com os anticorpos primários anti-podoplanina e anti-VEGF-C humanos. Os vasos linfáticos foram contados nas regiões intratumoral (DLI) e peritumoral (DLP) em vinte campos microscópicos (400X) sequenciais e em cinco campos microscópicos (400X) por hot spot de cada tumor. As médias das densidades linfáticas, intratumoral e peritumoral, foram obtidas isoladamente e usadas como pontos de corte da amostra, dividindo-a em tumores com alta densidade linfática e baixa densidade linfática. As associações entre DLI / DLP e a expressão de VEGF-C ou em relação aos parâmetros clínicos e microscópicos avaliados foram obtidas pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. As taxas de sobrevidas, acumuladas em cinco e dez anos, foram calculadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e comparadas pelo teste log-rank (=5%). Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a expressão de VEGF-C nos CECs de boca e os parâmetros clinicopatológicos avaliados. Os pacientes com alta DLP apresentaram maiores taxas de sobrevida específica por câncer (p=0,044) e sobrevida livre de doença (p=0,016). Houve associação estatística significativa entre a alta DLI e a maior ocorrência de recidiva regional nos pacientes da amostra (p=0,047). Entretanto, a alta DLI não foi suficiente para influenciar a sobrevida livre de doença desses pacientes do ponto de vista estatístico. DLP e DLI não se mostraram fatores...

This study evaluated the lymphatic vesssel density (LVD) in correlation with the vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression by tumors cells and with clinical and pathological variables in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Eighty-seven patients with primary OSCC, clinically T1N0M0 or T2N0M0, with occult lymph-node metastases (pN+) and without (pN0), were analysed after treated in the A. C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Archived paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were sectioned and stained with anti- human podoplanin and VEGF-C antibodies. Lymphatic vessels were counted in intratumoral (ILVD) and peritumoral (PLVD) areas in twenty sequential high-power fields and in five hot spot high-power fields from each tumor. Average values were obtained and used as cutoff point. The correlations between ILVD/PLVD and VEGF-C expression as well as clinicopathological parameters were obtained by chi-square test or Fishers exact test. The 5 and 10-year survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. No statistically significant difference was found between VEGF-C expression in OSCC in regard to clinicopathological parameters. An association between the ILVD and regional recurrence was found (p=0.047) and the PLVD showed associations with disease-specific survival (p=0.044) and disease-free survival (p=0.016). These findings indicate that high ILVD may influences the regional recurrence in neck lymph nodes of patients with early OSCC, however this data was not enough to influence the disease-free survival of these patients with a statistically significant association. PLVD or ILVD did not show predictive value for occult lymph-node metastases in the early stages of OSCC.

[Metastasis of clear cell renal carcinoma to the maxillary gingiva in a 75-year old man: a case report]

About 1% of all oral cancers are metastases of primary tumors elsewhere in the body and could be located in the soft tissue as well as in the jaw bones. Among all the primary tumors that arise below the level of the clavicle, renal cell carcinoma [RCC] is the third most common neoplasm according to metastasis in the head and neck region. Majority of the reported cases involve the jaw bones rather than the soft tissues. Here one case of metastatic RCC to the maxillary gingival is reported. The Patient was a 75 year-old man who chiefly complained about swelling in his anterior region of the maxillary gingival. Excisional Biopsy was performed. Metastatic clear cell Renal cell carcinoma [CCRCC] was diagnosed by microscopic examination by demonstrating islands of cells separated from each other by thin fibrovascular septa, with stroma containing numerous sinusoid like vessels and immunohistochemistry [IHC] Staining [S-100, vimentin, EMA,CEA, CD 10, CK7, TTF-1 and PSA]. CT scan confirmed tumor in the right kidney. Nephrectomy and chemotherapy were performed but patient died 9 months after treatment as a result of metastases to brain and lung. CCRCC arise from renal tubular epithelium. Microscopically differential diagnosis for jaw tumors with clear cells includes a broad spectrum of tumors such as odontogenic tumors, salivary gland tumors and metastatic tumors. Generally, an immunohistochemistry panel consisting of S-100, vimentin, EMA. CEA, CD10.CK7, TTF-1 and PSA is useful to diagnose CCRCC from other clear cell tumors. Although IHC aids us in diagnosis, other paraclinical procedures like imaging should be done, to confirm the diagnosis

VEGF-C e densidade de vasos linfáticos em carcinoma espinocelular de boca: associação com as metástases linfonodais ocultas e com o prognóstico dos pacientes / VEGF-C and lymphatic vessel density in oral squamous cell carcinoma: association with occult lymph node metastasis and patients prognosis

Este estudo avaliou a densidade vascular linfática (DVL) em relação a expressão do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular-C (VEGF-C) pelas células tumorais, bem como verificou a associação com variáveis clínicas e microscópicas de pacientes portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de boca (CEC). Oitenta e sete pacientes com CECs primários, clinicamente T1N0M0 ou T2N0M0, com metástase linfonodal oculta (pN+) e sem (pN0), foram analisadas após tratamento no Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brasil. Amostras dos tumores emblocados em parafina foram seccionadas e coradas com os anticorpos primários anti-podoplanina e anti-VEGF-C humanos. Os vasos linfáticos foram contados nas regiões intratumoral (DLI) e peritumoral (DLP) em vinte campos microscópicos (400X) sequenciais e em cinco campos microscópicos (400X) por hot spot de cada tumor. As médias das densidades linfáticas, intratumoral e peritumoral, foram obtidas isoladamente e usadas como pontos de corte da amostra, dividindo-a em tumores com alta densidade linfática e baixa densidade linfática. As associações entre DLI / DLP e a expressão de VEGF-C ou em relação aos parâmetros clínicos e microscópicos avaliados foram obtidas pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. As taxas de sobrevidas, acumuladas em cinco e dez anos, foram calculadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e comparadas pelo teste log-rank (=5%). Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a expressão de VEGF-C nos CECs de boca e os parâmetros clinicopatológicos avaliados. Os pacientes com alta DLP apresentaram maiores taxas de sobrevida específica por câncer (p=0,044) e sobrevida livre de doença (p=0,016). Houve associação estatística significativa entre a alta DLI e a maior ocorrência de recidiva regional nos pacientes da amostra (p=0,047). Entretanto, a alta DLI não foi suficiente para influenciar a sobrevida livre de doença desses pacientes do ponto de vista estatístico. DLP e DLI não se mostraram fatores...

This study evaluated the lymphatic vesssel density (LVD) in correlation with the vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) expression by tumors cells and with clinical and pathological variables in patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Eighty-seven patients with primary OSCC, clinically T1N0M0 or T2N0M0, with occult lymph-node metastases (pN+) and without (pN0), were analysed after treated in the A. C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Archived paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were sectioned and stained with anti- human podoplanin and VEGF-C antibodies. Lymphatic vessels were counted in intratumoral (ILVD) and peritumoral (PLVD) areas in twenty sequential high-power fields and in five hot spot high-power fields from each tumor. Average values were obtained and used as cutoff point. The correlations between ILVD/PLVD and VEGF-C expression as well as clinicopathological parameters were obtained by chi-square test or Fishers exact test. The 5 and 10-year survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. No statistically significant difference was found between VEGF-C expression in OSCC in regard to clinicopathological parameters. An association between the ILVD and regional recurrence was found (p=0.047) and the PLVD showed associations with disease-specific survival (p=0.044) and disease-free survival (p=0.016). These findings indicate that high ILVD may influences the regional recurrence in neck lymph nodes of patients with early OSCC, however this data was not enough to influence the disease-free survival of these patients with a statistically significant association. PLVD or ILVD did not show predictive value for occult lymph-node metastases in the early stages of OSCC.

Cancer in pharyngoesophageal diverticulum: report of a case

Os autores apresentam um caso de carcinoma primitivo de divertículo de Zenker. Existem apenas 37 mais destes casos relatados na literatura. Säo discutidfos os principais aspectos de etiopatogenia, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico. Este é o primeiro caso relatado de tumor metacrônico associado com carcinma de divertículo faringoesofágico